Head & Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer encompasses a group of cancers that originate in the tissues of the head and neck, including the mouth, throat, nose, sinuses, larynx (voice box), salivary glands, and thyroid gland. These cancers can be caused by various factors, including tobacco and alcohol use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and exposure to certain chemicals and environmental toxins. Symptoms of head and neck cancer may include persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, a lump or mass in the neck, and unexplained weight loss.

Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for improving outcomes in head and neck cancer. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, tailored to the type and stage of cancer. Multidisciplinary teams of healthcare professionals collaborate to provide comprehensive care, focusing not only on treating the cancer but also on preserving function and quality of life for patients.

One of the most common reasons for head and neck surgery is the treatment of head and neck cancer. Surgery plays a pivotal role in the management of this disease, and the type and extent of surgery depend on factors like the location and stage of the cancer. Surgeons may perform procedures such as tumor excision, neck dissection to remove affected lymph nodes, and reconstructive surgery to restore form and function after tumor removal. In some cases, minimally invasive techniques like robotic surgery or laser surgery may be utilized to preserve healthy tissue and reduce recovery time.

Apart from cancer treatment, head and neck surgery is also employed to address other conditions. For instance, surgery can correct congenital defects like cleft lip and palate, alleviate obstructive sleep apnea through procedures like uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), and treat salivary gland disorders. Additionally, thyroid and parathyroid surgeries are conducted to manage thyroid cancer, thyroid nodules, and hyperparathyroidism.